A concussion is a brain injury caused by acceleration or deceleration of the brain within the skull following a significant impact to the head or elsewhere on the body. The impact causes a biochemical imbalance within the brain cells, resulting in decreased blood flow and temporary energy deficits within the brain. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, headache, pressure in the head, neck pain, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, or balance problems, among others.
Concussions are common as 10-30% of all athletes get a concussion each year! Concussions can also occur from other traumatic injuries such as those stemming for a fall or a car accident. 50% of athletics related concussions are missed and improper management can lead to severe brain injury and long-term brain damage (CTE).
Managing concussions properly is extremely important for proper recovery and to prevent future chronic issues. The recovery process typically will include:
- Exertional testing for return-to-sport readiness and sub-symptom threshold exercise programs for persistent symptoms
- vestibular, oculomotor, and cervical spine rehabilitation
- balance, reaction time, visual processing, and neurocognitive testing (pre-season baseline and/or post-injury/return to sport testing)
- Educational resources
During the early stage following injury, a period of relative symptom limited physical and cognitive rest is recommended. Research suggests 24 to 48 hours, however, these decisions are made on a case-by-case basis.
Following a short period of rest, the International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport (2016) recommends a gradual increase in mental and physical activity by a licensed healthcare practitioner trained in concussion management.
Fyyzical Therapy and Balance Centers in Mechanicasburg has certified concussion management specialists that can help you get back to your sport, work or any activity currently limited by your concussion.
To further understand what a concussion is, watch this video for an in-depth whiteboard demonstration from Dr. Cameron Marshall (@Concussion_Doc)